四川的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Sichuan During the Cultural Revolution

四川簡稱蜀，是文革武鬥的重災區。歷史上“天下未亂蜀先亂，天下已治蜀未治”。這在文革中也應驗了。四川的每個城市的大武鬥都不“落後”。還是毛站得高，說得精闢，他曾說:“一聽打仗我就高興，北京算什麼打？無非冷兵器，開了幾槍。四川才算打，雙方都有幾萬人，有槍有炮，聽說還有無線電。……武鬥有兩個好處，第一是打了仗有作戰經驗，第二個好處是暴露了壞人。”1969年4月11日毛在會上說：“武鬥全國都鬥不過四川，至於清華。北大，不算數。它那裡雙方都有一萬多人，有電臺指揮，真槍真炮。”四川的兩派群眾造反組織的大武鬥，圍繞“劉結挺、張西廷是毛主席司令部的戰士還是劉鄧司令部黑幹將”也是一個焦點。其實文革初毛是支持劉、張的，但後來毛把他們連同紅衛兵造反派一起拋棄了。只有拋棄了他們，武鬥才得平息。可是在他們受重用時武鬥打得天昏地暗，無數人犧牲。如，1967年2月22日當天共殺死24人的萬縣“真元堂事件”、1967年5月4日至5月6日開槍打死幾十名紅衛兵的四川棉紡廠和國營132廠大血案；6月3日萬縣紅衛兵衝擊市公安局的武鬥當場慘死31人傷數十人；宜賓地區參與武鬥的造反派有17萬多人，有兩個團軍隊兵力介入，造成43800多人傷亡，死亡21100多人。僅1968年5月6日瀘州的武鬥，一次打死274人。四川的這些駭人聽聞的大武鬥數不盡。<br>Sichuan, abbreviated as Shu, was the hardest-hit area for armed struggle during the Cultural Revolution. Historically, “When the country is not yet in chaos, Sichuan falls into chaos first; when the country is already at peace, Sichuan is not yet at peace.” This also proved true during the Cultural Revolution. Large-scale armed struggle in every city in Sichuan was no less intense than elsewhere. Mao, standing high and speaking incisively, once said: “Whenever I hear about fighting I feel happy. What kind of fighting is there in Beijing? Nothing but cold weapons and a few shots fired. Only Sichuan counts as real fighting—both sides have tens of thousands of people, guns and artillery, and I hear they even have radios… Armed struggle has two benefits: first, having fought, there is combat experience; second, it exposes bad people.” On April 11, 1969, Mao said at a meeting: “No place in the country can match Sichuan in armed struggle. As for Tsinghua and Peking University, they don’t count. There both sides had more than 10,000 people, with radio command and real guns and real artillery.” The large-scale armed struggles between Sichuan’s two rebel mass organizations also centered on the question of whether “Liu Jieting and Zhang Xiting were warriors of Chairman Mao’s headquarters or black henchmen of the Liu-Deng headquarters.” In fact, in the early stage of the Cultural Revolution Mao supported Liu and Zhang, but later Mao abandoned them along with the Red Guard rebels. Only after abandoning them did the armed struggle subside. But when they were in favor, the fighting was earth-shattering and countless people sacrificed their lives. Examples include the “Zhenyuantang Incident” in Wanxian on February 22, 1967, in which 24 people were killed in one day; the major bloodbath at the Sichuan Cotton Textile Factory and State-owned Factory 132 from May 4 to May 6, 1967, in which dozens of Red Guards were shot dead; the armed struggle on June 3, 1967, when Wanxian Red Guards attacked the municipal Public Security Bureau, resulting in 31 immediate deaths and dozens wounded; and the rebel participation in armed struggle in the Yibin region, involving more than 170,000 people and two army regiments, causing more than 43,800 casualties, including more than 21,100 deaths. In just one armed struggle in Luzhou on May 6, 1968, 274 people were killed. The shocking large-scale armed struggles in Sichuan are too numerous to count.<br>