湖南的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Hunan During the Cultural Revolution

1966年下半年以來，湖南的“革命群眾”積極回應偉大領袖“造反有理”“炮打司令部”的號召，“炮打、火燒省、市委”、“破四舊”、鬥黑幫和“走資派”，各級黨委和政府機構癱瘓，多數領導幹部都受到衝擊，就連很少得罪人的省委書記處書記華國鋒，被造反派整得翻來覆去，更不用說“五類分子”“黑幫”的遭遇；廣大老百姓都過著心驚膽戰、缺衣少食的生活。全省各地在1966年6月至1968年底為奪權發生許多慘烈的大武鬥和大屠殺。僅在1966年6月6日，“高司”派與“工聯”派之間在長沙中蘇友好館進行大武鬥，共打死10人，其中“高司”派死7人，“工聯”派死2人，無辜學生1人；雙方傷215人，其中解放軍傷119人；砸毀省軍區大卡車等多輛，多處房屋被毀。此後各地大武鬥無數死傷慘重。“清理階級隊伍”時期，許多農村殺人如麻，特別在零陵地區的道縣，從1967年8月13日到10月17日，66天裡，36個公社，468個大隊，1590個生產隊，2778戶，共被殺和被逼自殺4519人。1967年8月～11月懷化兩派群眾大規模武鬥事件震驚世界，紅衛兵造反派佔領、接管了勞改農場和工廠。軍隊奉命進駐，遭到武力阻止。造成37700多人傷亡其中死亡13300多人，軍隊傷亡430人；這是民間的記載，至今沒有公開的檔案，但是官方也沒有公開否認。<br>Since the second half of 1966, Hunan’s “revolutionary masses” actively responded to the great leader’s call of “to rebel is justified” and “bombard the headquarters.” They “bombarded and burned provincial and municipal Party committees,” “destroyed the four olds,” and struggled against black gangs and “capitalist roaders.” Party committees and government organs at all levels were paralyzed, and most leading cadres were attacked. Even Hua Guofeng, secretary of the provincial Party committee secretariat who rarely offended anyone, was repeatedly struggled against by the rebels, not to mention the fate of the “five categories” and “black gangs.” The broad masses of ordinary people lived in fear, lacking clothing and food. From June 1966 to the end of 1968, many tragic large-scale armed struggles and massacres occurred across the province for power seizure. On June 6, 1966 alone, the “High Command” faction and the “Workers’ Alliance” faction engaged in large-scale armed struggle at the Changsha Sino-Soviet Friendship Hall, killing a total of 10 people (7 from the “High Command” faction, 2 from the “Workers’ Alliance” faction, and 1 innocent student) and wounding 215 people (including 119 soldiers). Many provincial military region trucks were smashed and many buildings destroyed. Afterward, countless armed struggles occurred everywhere with heavy casualties. During the “cleanse the class ranks” period, killing in many rural areas was rampant, especially in Dao County in the Lingling region. From August 13 to October 17, 1967, in just 66 days, across 36 communes, 468 brigades, 1,590 production teams, and 2,778 households, a total of 4,519 people were killed or forced to commit suicide. The large-scale armed struggle between the two factions in Huaihua from August to November 1967 shocked the world; Red Guard rebels occupied and took over labor reform farms and factories. When the army was ordered to enter, it was met with armed resistance. This caused more than 37,700 casualties, including more than 13,300 deaths and 430 military casualties. This is a民间 record; no official archives have been made public to this day, but the authorities have never publicly denied it either.<br>