江西的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Jiangxi During the Cultural Revolution

江西有幾次著名的大武鬥。1967年6月29日，南昌的雙方都萬人參戰的大武鬥，最早使用了機槍，造反派認為有毛支持，但保守派得到軍分區和縣武裝部支持，造反派死十余人，保守派傷亡較小。6月30日，因为保守派有槍殺人，激怒的造反派將省軍區、軍分區、縣武裝部等的武器庫搶奪一空。也是6月29日，贛州發生更大的武鬥。贛州軍分區和市武裝部給保守派“聯絡總站”發了槍，造反派“大聯籌”派死傷慘重，事後查點到屍體223具；8月12日《火線戰報》說：“據省大聯籌與廣州部隊聯合調查，已發現我造反派和紅衛兵屍體490具。”從此全省都有群眾向軍事機構奪槍，共奪槍8·5萬多支和無數子彈用於武鬥。1967年8月有“撫州叛亂”，解放軍兩派參戰；因南昌的造反派被迫退到撫州地盤，中央支左部隊支持造反派並派飛機散傳單、攻打保守派；但撫州駐軍支持保守派反攻。8月24日。支左部隊在進賢縣與撫州獨立營決戰，撫州駐軍打落了飛機，支左部隊開炮，獨立營大多數人開溜了，少數死守的基本沒人生還。許多山區縣也武鬥厲害。宜豐縣的一派打到上高縣，死了四人，回來開追悼會，槍殺了三名從上高抓來的人。1967年9月27日，毛到江西說，“撫州問題實際是叛亂。說中國沒有內戰，我看這就是內戰。 ”贛州發生與武鬥有關的“李九蓮、鐘海源事件”，體現了中國知識女性的民主意識、前赴後繼的革命精神。<br>Jiangxi had several famous large-scale armed struggles. On June 29, 1967, both sides in Nanchang fought a large-scale battle involving tens of thousands of participants—the first time machine guns were used. The rebels believed they had Mao’s support, but the conservative faction had support from the military sub-region and county armed departments. More than ten rebels died, while conservative casualties were smaller. On June 30, because the conservatives had guns and killed people, the enraged rebels seized all the weapons from the provincial military region, military sub-regions, and county armed departments. Also on June 29, an even larger armed struggle broke out in Ganzhou. The Ganzhou Military Sub-region and municipal armed department issued guns to the conservative “Liaison General Station.” The rebel “Great Alliance Preparatory” faction suffered heavy casualties; afterward 223 bodies were counted. On August 12 the Frontline Battle Report stated: “According to the joint investigation by the provincial Great Alliance Preparatory and the Guangzhou troops, 490 bodies of our rebels and Red Guards have been found.” From then on, people across the province seized guns from military institutions, taking more than 85,000 guns and countless bullets for armed struggle. In August 1967 there was the “Fuzhou Rebellion,” in which both factions of the People’s Liberation Army participated. Because the rebels from Nanchang were forced to retreat to Fuzhou territory, the central “support the left” troops supported the rebels, sent planes to drop leaflets, and attacked the conservatives. However, the Fuzhou garrison supported the conservative counterattack. On August 24, the “support the left” troops fought a decisive battle with the Fuzhou Independent Battalion in Jinxian County. The Fuzhou garrison shot down the plane, the “support the left” troops opened fire, most of the independent battalion fled, and the few who held their ground basically did not survive. Many mountainous counties also had fierce armed struggle. One faction from Yifeng County fought all the way to Shanggao County, killing four people. When they returned and held a memorial service, they shot and killed three people captured from Shanggao. On September 27, 1967, Mao arrived in Jiangxi and said, “The Fuzhou problem is actually a rebellion. People say there is no civil war in China; I say this is civil war.” The “Li Jiulian and Zhong Haiyuan Incident” in Ganzhou, related to armed struggle, embodied the democratic consciousness and successive revolutionary spirit of Chinese intellectual women.<br>