河南的文革大武鬥 /The Major Factional Struggles in Henan During the Cultural Revolution

文革中，毛澤東和中央文革首長對河南省兩大派別“革命造反派群眾組織”之間的大武鬥衝突，做了多次講話和批示，但恰恰正在這些才是河南大武鬥產生的根本因。特別是毛主席對河南的造反派群眾組織“二七公社”說 “二七必勝！”、對全國說“武裝左派”和江青鼓吹河南的“文攻武衛”的做法。河南各地的奪權血的腥武鬥消息駭人聽聞。例如，1967年2月～3月開封發生多次武鬥，軍管會捕了約4千人，僅2月18日一天就抓一千多人，打死多人；其中“八•二四”派615人被捕，占該組織人數的34％。洛陽發生多次大武鬥，拖拉機廠停工，逮捕了二百多人；1967年6月9日洛陽火車全部停運，工廠停工……新鄉的大武鬥導致兩派群眾造反組織進行地方“武裝割據”，“八•一八”組織被對方圍困、斷糧斷炊。這只是冰山一角。從文革開始的1966年到1968年之間的兩年裡，河南省始終彌漫在大武鬥的腥風血雨之中，數以千計的人葬身在這場民眾的自相殘殺之中，更有數以萬計的人在這些武鬥中落下了終身的殘疾。河南省的武鬥一直打到1976年。<br>During the Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong and the leaders of the Central Cultural Revolution Group made multiple speeches and instructions regarding the major armed clashes between Henan’s two rival “revolutionary rebel mass organizations.” Ironically, it was precisely these instructions that were the root cause of Henan’s large-scale armed struggles. In particular, Chairman Mao’s statement to Henan’s rebel mass organization “February 7 Commune” that “February 7 will surely win!” and his nationwide call to “arm the leftists,” along with Jiang Qing’s promotion of Henan’s “attack with the pen and defend with the sword,” fueled the violence. News of bloody power-seizure armed struggles in various parts of Henan was horrifying. For example, in February–March 1967, multiple armed struggles occurred in Kaifeng; the military control commission arrested about 4,000 people, with more than 1,000 arrested in a single day on February 18 and many killed. Among them, 615 members of the “August 24” faction were arrested, accounting for 34% of that organization. Luoyang experienced multiple large-scale armed struggles; the tractor factory was shut down and more than 200 people were arrested. On June 9, 1967, all trains in Luoyang stopped running and factories halted production… In Xinxiang, large-scale armed struggle led the two rebel factions to engage in local “armed separatism.” The “August 18” organization was besieged and cut off from food and supplies. This is only the tip of the iceberg. From the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966 until 1968, Henan Province was constantly enveloped in the bloody wind and rain of armed struggle. Thousands of people lost their lives in this mutual slaughter among the people, and tens of thousands more were left with lifelong disabilities from these battles. Armed struggle in Henan continued until 1976.<br>