贵州的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Guizhou During the Cultural Revolution

1966年時任貴州省軍區副政委的李再含，較早地領會了毛的精神，支持造反派，這在當時的省級和部隊領導中是較少見的，因此得到毛和江青的支持，也就造成了貴州文革奪權武鬥的格局。1967年2月13日，貴州正式宣告建立了“一切權力歸造反派”的新的省級權力機構，這是全國第四領先的省級大奪權。李再含等把新權力機構命名為“毛澤東思想大學校貴州省革命委員會”，顯然符合毛發動文革的目標。毛把貴州的大奪權稱為“西南的春雷”，並且向全國推廣貴州“革命造反派”的奪權“經驗”。此經驗實是奪權建新政權的幹部政策，權力全歸造反派實在不行，要用李再含這樣忠於毛的幹部。李再含因此在中央文革小組中有較大的影響。後來毛把奪權後的新政權的名稱去掉前面臃贅冗餘的幾個字簡稱“革命委員會”。中央文革小組在貴州經驗的基礎上，要把奪權建新政權搞成“把全國辦成毛澤東思想大學校”運動，此鬧劇剛在全國拉開序幕，可是貴州和全國的奪權大武鬥鬧得太厲害，死人很多，不少革命委員會被推倒重來，“毛思想大學校”沒建成。後來毛改換文革策略，徹底拋棄李再含，拋棄紅衛兵造反派組織，甚至拋棄了中央文革中的好幾個幹將，因此奪權大武鬥雖然反復，最後終於平息。貴州的文革武鬥一直延續到1969年。<br>In 1966, Li Zaihan, then deputy political commissar of the Guizhou Provincial Military Region, was one of the earliest to understand Mao’s spirit and support the rebels. This was rare among provincial and military leaders at the time. As a result, he received support from Mao and Jiang Qing, which shaped the pattern of power seizure and armed struggle in Guizhou during the Cultural Revolution. On February 13, 1967, Guizhou officially declared the establishment of a new provincial power organ with “all power to the rebels.” This was the fourth province in the country to carry out large-scale power seizure. Li Zaihan and others named the new power organ the “Mao Zedong Thought University School Guizhou Provincial Revolutionary Committee,” clearly in line with Mao’s goal in launching the Cultural Revolution. Mao called Guizhou’s large-scale power seizure the “Spring Thunder of the Southwest” and promoted Guizhou’s “revolutionary rebel” power-seizure “experience” nationwide. This experience was in fact a cadre policy for power seizure and establishing a new regime. Giving all power to the rebels was not feasible, so cadres loyal to Mao such as Li Zaihan had to be used. Li Zaihan therefore gained considerable influence in the Central Cultural Revolution Group. Later Mao removed the redundant words in front of the name of the new regime after power seizure and simply called it “Revolutionary Committee.” On the basis of the Guizhou experience, the Central Cultural Revolution Group wanted to turn power seizure and the establishment of new regimes into a nationwide “turn the whole country into a Mao Zedong Thought University School” movement. This farce had just begun across the country, but power-seizure armed struggle in Guizhou and nationwide was too fierce, with many deaths, and many Revolutionary Committees were overthrown and re-established. The “Mao Zedong Thought University School” was never built. Later Mao changed his Cultural Revolution strategy, completely abandoned Li Zaihan, abandoned the Red Guard rebel organizations, and even abandoned several key members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group. Although power-seizure armed struggle continued in waves, it finally subsided. Armed struggle in Guizhou lasted until 1969.<br>