安徽的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Anhui During the Cultural Revolution

在“炮打司令部”的熱潮過後，1967年初毛號召“造反派奪權”，安徽的群眾造反組織為爭權奪利，顧不上鬥走資派，分成兩派相互大打武鬥。周恩來等首長多次接見安徽武鬥雙方代表調解無效， 3月17日發了《中央文化革命小組關於安徽問題的五點建議》，3月27日又發了《中共中央關於安徽問題的決定》。可是這不起任何作用，奪到權的一派說奪權好得很，就是“好”派，又稱“支（支持革委會）”派或“G（good縮寫）”派；對立派說奪權好個屁，此派為“屁”派，又稱“踢（踢開革委會）”派或“P（屁字發音）”派。兩派大武鬥越打越激烈。4月1日中央又對安徽問題向全國發出《中發（67）117號》。中央軍委4月6日再發通知強調要認真執行《117號文件》。依舊沒有作用。9月5日，江青等接見安徽雙方代表，鼓吹“武裝左派”“文攻武衛， 9月9日中央向全國號召認真學習《江青同志“九·五”重要講話》。當天，中共又轉發《安徽“P派”和“G派”熱烈擁護和貫徹執行康生，江青同志的“九·五”指示》。但安徽各地特別是蕪湖的武鬥反而形成高潮。1968年8月4日，毛批示中央轉發關於《處理蕪湖問題的綜合報告》。1968年5月後蚌埠和淮南地區長達一個多月悲壯的武鬥，7300多人傷亡，其中死亡3433人。<br>After the wave of “bombard the headquarters,” in early 1967 Mao called for “rebel power seizure.” In Anhui, the rebel mass organizations, fighting for power and profit and ignoring the struggle against capitalist roaders, split into two factions and engaged in large-scale mutual armed struggle. Premier Zhou Enlai and other leaders received representatives from both sides of the Anhui armed struggle many times, but mediation was ineffective. On March 17, the “Five-Point Proposal of the Central Cultural Revolution Group on the Anhui Question” was issued, followed on March 27 by the “Decision of the Central Committee on the Anhui Question.” However, these had no effect. The faction that had seized power declared “power seizure is very good,” so it was called the “Good” faction, also known as the “Support (support the Revolutionary Committee)” faction or “G” faction (abbreviation of “good”). The opposing faction said “good my ass,” so it was called the “Fart” faction, also known as the “Kick (kick over the Revolutionary Committee)” faction or “P” faction (from the pronunciation of the Chinese character for fart). The two factions’ armed struggle became increasingly fierce. On April 1, the Central Committee issued “Central Document (67) No. 117” on the Anhui question to the whole country. On April 6, the Central Military Commission issued another notice emphasizing the need to seriously implement “Document No. 117.” It still had no effect. On September 5, Jiang Qing and others received representatives from both sides in Anhui and promoted “arm the leftists” and “attack with the pen and defend with the sword.” On September 9, the Central Committee called on the whole country to seriously study “Comrade Jiang Qing’s Important September 5 Speech.” That same day, the CCP forwarded “Anhui ‘P’ Faction and ‘G’ Faction Enthusiastically Support and Implement Comrades Kang Sheng and Jiang Qing’s ‘September 5’ Instructions.” However, armed struggle in various parts of Anhui, especially in Wuhu, instead reached a new peak. On August 4, 1968, Mao instructed the Central Committee to forward the “Comprehensive Report on Handling the Wuhu Question.” After May 1968, the tragic armed struggle in the Bengbu and Huainan regions lasted more than a month, with more than 7,300 casualties, including 3,433 deaths.<br>