福建的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Fujian During the Cultural Revolution

福建地處臺灣海峽西岸，这里文革兩派群眾武鬥的劇烈程度與毛对福建主要官员的態度和他的文革策略密切相關。時任福建省委書記葉飛與福州軍區司令員韓先楚的個人矛盾也影響着福建的文革、奪權和武鬥。毛對韓先楚的支持明朗化而對葉飛始終不表態，紅衛兵造反派就主要打葉飛，而拥护韓先楚。1971年林彪垮台後，毛進行戰略轉移，鄧小平重新上臺，葉飛也得到“翻身”。因韓先楚跟林彪有關係，在“批林批孔”时韓先楚驚心動魄地擺脫了被清算的命運而“平安著陸”。福建省革命委員會在大武鬥高潮中1967年8月19日成立，雖有熱鬧的慶祝活動，都是表面文章，它對福建的大武鬥形勢沒有影響，打死不少人，例如泉州市至今还残留有一个规模不小的某一派的“红卫兵烈士墓群”。龍岩地區的兩派大武鬥延續到1968年底，其中動員數萬軍民參戰的對造反派“剿匪”大規模槍戰，人員傷亡慘重。福建一些山區農民在“打倒劉少奇”的聲浪中敢要“保衛劉少奇”，成立“中國共產黨幸福委員會”， 此称“幸福會”案；1970年判決“幸福會”的骨幹成員謝洪水、謝永祺等19人死刑， 40人被判以死緩、無期徒刑或有期徒刑，拘捕12人，關押30人，戴帽84人，“群眾專政”捆綁吊打抄家的126人，其中被逼死12人，打傷致死者8人，致殘者28人。<br>Fujian is located on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait. The intensity of armed struggle between the two mass factions here during the Cultural Revolution was closely related to Mao’s attitude toward Fujian’s main officials and his Cultural Revolution strategy. The personal conflict between Ye Fei, then Fujian Provincial Party Committee Secretary, and Han Xianchu, commander of the Fuzhou Military Region, also influenced the Cultural Revolution, power seizure, and armed struggle in Fujian. Mao’s support for Han Xianchu was clear, while he never expressed a clear attitude toward Ye Fei. The Red Guard rebels therefore mainly attacked Ye Fei and supported Han Xianchu. After Lin Biao’s downfall in 1971, Mao carried out a strategic shift, Deng Xiaoping returned to power, and Ye Fei also “turned over.” Because Han Xianchu had ties to Lin Biao, during the “Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius” campaign he dramatically escaped liquidation and “landed safely.” The Fujian Provincial Revolutionary Committee was established on August 19, 1967, at the peak of armed struggle. Although there were lively celebration activities, they were all superficial and had no effect on the situation of large-scale armed struggle in Fujian. Many people were killed; for example, in Quanzhou there is still a fairly large “Red Guard Martyrs’ Cemetery” of one faction that remains today. The armed struggle between the two factions in the Longyan region continued until the end of 1968. Among them, the large-scale “bandit suppression” gun battles that mobilized tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians against the rebels caused heavy casualties. In some mountainous areas of Fujian, farmers dared to “defend Liu Shaoqi” amid the wave of “down with Liu Shaoqi” and established the “Chinese Communist Party Happiness Committee,” known as the “Happiness Association” case. In 1970, 19 backbone members of the “Happiness Association,” such as Xie Hongshui and Xie Yongqi, were sentenced to death; 40 people were sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, life imprisonment, or fixed-term imprisonment; 12 were arrested; 30 were detained; 84 were labeled; and 126 people were subjected to “mass dictatorship” involving binding, hanging, beating, and house raids. Among them, 12 were driven to death, 8 were beaten to death, and 28 were permanently disabled.<br>