雲南的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Yunnan During the Cultural Revolution

雲南各地的文革大武鬥與全國各地一樣，以1967年下半年毛發出“武裝左派”和江青大肆鼓吹“文攻武衛”以後，大武鬥達到高潮，動用了槍支彈藥等現代化戰爭武器，雙方人員傷亡慘重。中央文革小組的骨幹王力回憶寫道：雲南的問題的根源在軍隊。這是事實，昆明軍區一些領導及13軍、14軍支持“八派”，而昆明軍區副司令陳康、雲南省軍區政委張力雄、副司令朱家壁則支持“炮派”。地方幹部也隨之表明立場：省長周興支“八派”，省委書記處書記趙健民支“炮派”。由於雙方都有軍隊支持，便都揪對方身後的“軍內一小撮”。這使雲南的大武鬥打得持久，打得慘烈。但是根源更主要的還是毛和江青和康生等人。文革一開始，雲南省委書記閻紅彥被紅衛兵造反派打得生不如死，1967年1月8日他寫下“逼死我者，江青、陳伯達”的遺言後自殺；這其中深入到毛發動文革的原因。文革後期1970年12月17日，雲南省革委會主任譚甫仁夫婦兩人在住處遇刺身亡，又是撲朔迷離，與文革武鬥有盤根錯節的關係。官至中共中央副主席的康生插手搞的所謂“趙健民案”導致一萬七千餘人冤死；他還和江青搞的“滇西挺進縱隊案”，死了很多人。文革後期1975年雲南個舊市由大武鬥轉化成所謂“沙甸回族人反政府武裝叛國事件”，共造成3700多人傷亡，其中回族村民有1220人死亡。<br>The large-scale armed struggles in various parts of Yunnan during the Cultural Revolution were the same as in the rest of the country. After Mao issued the call to “arm the leftists” and Jiang Qing vigorously promoted “attack with the pen and defend with the sword” in the second half of 1967, armed struggle reached its peak. Modern war weapons such as guns and ammunition were used, causing heavy casualties on both sides. Wang Li, a core member of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, recalled in his memoir: “The root of Yunnan’s problems lies in the army.” This is true. Some leaders of the Kunming Military Region and the 13th and 14th Armies supported the “August” faction, while Kunming Military Region Deputy Commander Chen Kang, Yunnan Provincial Military Region Political Commissar Zhang Lixiong, and Deputy Commander Zhu Jiabi supported the “Bombard” faction. Local cadres also took sides: Governor Zhou Xing supported the “August” faction, and Provincial Party Committee Secretary Zhao Jianmin supported the “Bombard” faction. Because both sides had military support, each side attacked the “handful in the army” behind the other. This caused Yunnan’s armed struggle to be prolonged and extremely brutal. However, the deeper root cause was still Mao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, and others. At the very beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Yunnan Provincial Party Committee Secretary Yan Hongyan was driven to the point of unbearable suffering by Red Guard rebels. On January 8, 1967, he wrote in his suicide note “Those who drove me to death are Jiang Qing and Chen Boda” and then killed himself. This goes deep into the reasons Mao launched the Cultural Revolution. In the later stage of the Cultural Revolution, on December 17, 1970, Yunnan Provincial Revolutionary Committee Director Tan Furen and his wife were assassinated in their residence—an event shrouded in mystery and intricately linked to the armed struggles. Kang Sheng, who rose to Vice Chairman of the CCP Central Committee, personally intervened in the so-called “Zhao Jianmin Case,” which led to more than 17,000 people dying unjustly. He and Jiang Qing also created the “Dianxi Marching Column Case,” in which many people died. In the later stage of the Cultural Revolution, in 1975, the large-scale armed struggle in Gejiu City, Yunnan, turned into the so-called “Shadian Hui Nationality Anti-Government Armed Rebellion Incident,” resulting in more than 3,700 casualties, including 1,220 deaths among Hui villagers.<br>