重慶的文革大武鬥 / The Major Factional Struggles in Chongqing During the Cultural Revolution

文革時重慶屬四川省管轄，各種事件都與四川各地交織在一起。重慶是中國的軍工生產地，其產品都在武鬥中運用。1967年至1968年夏，有記載的大武鬥的就有31次，動用槍、炮、坦克、炮船等軍械兵器的有24次，645人死亡。曾有以一夜間打了1萬多發高射炮彈的紀錄而聞名全國。著名的是“八•一五”和“反到底”兩派隔著嘉陵江展開炮戰, 大橋兩端被沙袋構築的街壘封鎖，但雙方打得准且狠,持續很久，直到“反到底”打過大橋,徹底消滅“八•一五”派。兩派都可憐，有無數犧牲者，他們的頭頭和骨幹成員直到文革結束後下場都可悲。重慶著名作家羅廣斌的著作《紅岩》說的是1948年“解放前夕”國民黨抓捕共產黨員，遭受各種殘酷拷打而不屈不饒反抗鬥爭最後取得勝利的故事；是中國印刷數量最多的長篇小說之一。《紅岩》還被改編成為數不盡的戲劇、電影、連環畫，故事中的人物、地點在1960年代家喻戶曉。羅廣斌曾被國民黨抓捕在監獄堅持一年多，可是1967年2月5日紅衛兵將他綁架，5天后他不堪忍受造反派的折磨墜樓身亡，時年43歲。有人以此諷刺說紅衛兵的酷刑勝於國民黨的監獄。文革武鬥戰死者墓群當年遍佈重慶大學、紅港街心花園、建設廠清水池等地，許多“紅衛兵烈士墓園”現已消失得無影無蹤，現在殘留的沙坪壩公園紅衛兵墓群，當年僅掩埋八•一五派犧牲者人數達404人。<br>During the Cultural Revolution, Chongqing was under Sichuan Province’s jurisdiction, and various events were intertwined with those in other parts of Sichuan. Chongqing was China’s military-industrial production base, and its products were used in armed struggle. From 1967 to the summer of 1968, there were 31 recorded large-scale armed struggles, 24 of which involved military weapons such as guns, artillery, tanks, and gunboats, resulting in 645 deaths. It became nationally famous for a record of more than 10,000 anti-aircraft shells fired in a single night. The most famous was the artillery battle across the Jialing River between the “August 15” and “Oppose to the End” factions. Both ends of the bridge were blocked by sandbag barricades, but both sides shot accurately and fiercely for a long time, until the “Oppose to the End” faction crossed the bridge and completely wiped out the “August 15” faction. Both factions were tragic; they had countless victims, and the fates of their leaders and backbone members after the end of the Cultural Revolution were all miserable. The famous Chongqing writer Luo Guangbin’s novel Red Crag tells the story of the Kuomintang arresting Communists on the eve of liberation in 1948; the Communists endured all kinds of brutal torture but never yielded, continuing to resist and ultimately winning. It is one of the most widely printed long novels in China. Red Crag was also adapted into countless plays, films, and comic books; the characters and locations in the story were known to every household in the 1960s. Luo Guangbin had been arrested by the Kuomintang and persisted in prison for more than a year, yet on February 5, 1967, Red Guards kidnapped him. Five days later, unable to endure the rebels’ torture, he fell to his death from a building at the age of 43. Some people sarcastically said that the Red Guards’ torture surpassed that of the Kuomintang prison. The graves of those killed in the Cultural Revolution armed struggles were once scattered across Chongqing University, Honggang Street Park, and the clear-water pool at the Construction Factory. Many “Red Guard Martyrs’ Cemeteries” have now disappeared without a trace. The only remaining one is the Red Guard cemetery in Shapingba Park; at the time it buried 404 victims from the “August 15” faction alone.<br>