江蘇的文革大武斗: The Major Factional Struggles in Jiangsu During the Cultural Revolution

江蘇省經濟文化發達大城市多，文革中各城市的兩派群眾造反組織圍繞奪權打得非常慘烈，人員傷亡和經濟損失非常慘重。1967年5月13日，毛在會上說：“不要怕鬧，鬧得越大、越長，越好。七鬧八鬧，總會鬧出名堂來的……那裡有膿包，有細菌，總要爆發的。南京街上鬧得很厲害，我越看越高興。”這不僅助長了南京的群眾大武鬥，更為全國大武鬥火上澆油。江蘇各地“武裝左派”、“文攻武衛”，兩派都是“左派”，都向“支左”軍隊，或軍區、軍分區、縣武裝部獲得了槍支彈藥武裝起來了，由“冷兵器武鬥”轉變成為“熱兵器武鬥”，即動用槍炮的大血戰。江蘇各地不共戴天武鬥雙方派別的名稱也很有特色，先奪到權一派宣稱“奪權好的很”，此派為“好”派；沒奪到權要進行反奪權的一派說“好個屁”，簡稱“屁”派。這些名稱在文革武鬥的進程中還有“進化變異”，“好派”又稱“G派”（英語GOOD？），“屁派”被簡稱為“P派”（屁字的發音）；有的地方支持革委會的稱“支派”、對方要踢開革委會為“踢派”，各地還有別的成對的名稱；不少地方革委會反復被踢倒重建，其中有無數的武鬥。文革後期“清理階級隊伍”階段鬧得特別厲害的所謂“清查‘五·一六’分子”的群眾運動，又打死不少人，江蘇省的激烈程度為全國之最。<br>Jiangsu Province is economically and culturally developed with many large cities. During the Cultural Revolution, the two rebel mass organizations in each city fought extremely fiercely over power seizure, with heavy casualties and enormous economic losses. On May 13, 1967, Mao said at a meeting: “Don’t be afraid of turmoil. The bigger and longer the turmoil, the better. After seven or eight rounds of turmoil, something will come of it… Where there is a boil or bacteria, it will eventually burst. The turmoil on the streets of Nanjing is very fierce; the more I see it, the happier I am.” This not only encouraged mass armed struggle in Nanjing but also poured fuel on the flames of nationwide armed struggle. In various parts of Jiangsu, both factions “armed the leftists” and practiced “attack with the pen and defend with the sword.” Both sides considered themselves the “leftist” faction and obtained guns and ammunition from “support the left” troops, military regions, military sub-regions, or county armed departments. Armed struggle transformed from “cold-weapon fighting” to “hot-weapon fighting”—large-scale bloody battles using guns and artillery. The names of the two irreconcilable factions in various parts of Jiangsu were also distinctive. The faction that seized power first declared “power seizure is very good,” so it was called the “Good” faction; the faction that had not seized power and wanted to counter-seize power said “good my ass,” abbreviated as the “Fart” faction. These names also “evolved” during the armed struggle process: the “Good” faction was also called the “G” faction (from English “good”), and the “Fart” faction was abbreviated as the “P” faction (from the pronunciation of the Chinese character for fart). In some places the faction supporting the Revolutionary Committee was called the “Support” faction, while the opposing faction that wanted to kick over the Revolutionary Committee was called the “Kick” faction. There were other paired names in different places. In many places Revolutionary Committees were repeatedly overthrown and re-established, involving countless armed struggles. During the later “cleanse the class ranks” stage of the Cultural Revolution, the so-called “investigate the ‘May 16’ elements” mass movement was particularly intense and killed many more people. The intensity in Jiangsu Province was the highest in the country.<br>